Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system, causing physical and mental changes. It is characterized by four primary symptoms: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability (1). Tremor refers to an involuntary rhythmic movement of the hands , legs or head . Rigidity involves overly stiff muscles and joints which can limit mobility . Bradykinesia is slowness of movements as well as difficulty initiating tasks such as walking or writing. Lastly ,postural instability occurs when someone has difficulty maintaining balance due to weakened leg muscles.

Other common symptoms include slowed speech; small handwriting; decreased facial expression; shuffling walk ; sleep disturbances ; depression anxiety ; cognitive impairment; drooling sweating; fatigue and appetite loss.(2) In some cases people may also experience delusions hallucinations . Additionally ,many individuals exhibit non-motor symptoms such low blood pressure digestive issues sexual problems vision bladder control difficulties.

As PD progresses it can cause more serious complications ranging from falls broken bones uncontrollable movements known dystonia seizure like episodes These occur when certain area brain affected leading abnormal electrical signals sent body resulting jerking motions lasting few seconds minutes depending severity case.