The Activation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase for Fatty Acid Synthesis,Acetyl CoA carboxylase is the major control point for fatty acid synthesis. Which of the following conditions would activate this enzyme?

The Activation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase for Fatty Acid Synthesis

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA. As the major control point for fatty acid synthesis, the activation of ACC is essential for the metabolic pathways that lead to fatty acid biosynthesis. The activation of ACC can be regulated by various factors, including hormones, metabolites, and transcription factors. Hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, can activate ACC by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Insulin stimulates ACC activity by phosphorylation and promotes lipogenesis, while glucagon inhibits ACC activity by dephosphorylation and decreases fatty acid synthesis (Chang et al., 2021). Metabolites, such as citrate and malonyl-CoA, also play a role in ACC activation. Citrate is an important allosteric activator of ACC, while malonyl-CoA is an important substrate for ACC and a potent activator of ACC activity (Shi et al., 2019). Transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), regulate ACC activity by transcriptional activation of ACC gene expression (Rosenfeld et al., 2016). Cont….