Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacterium that is the causative agent of the human gastrointestinal disease cholera. Vibrio cholerae belongs to the family Vibrionaceae and it can be found in various aquatic environments including brackish water, estuarine areas, salt marshes and coastal waters. It has a high tolerance for salinity and temperature fluctuations allowing it to survive in these harsh environments. Vibrio cholerae is one of the most common causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide due to its ability to form biofilms on surfaces such as pipes, reducing chlorine levels which can make them resistant to disinfectants used for drinking water treatment.

The symptoms of this pathogen vary from mild diarrhea (watery stool) to profuse vomiting and dehydration accompanied by extreme abdominal cramping. The enterotoxin produced by Vibrio Cholera is responsible for causing fluid secretion within the small intestines resulting in an increase in osmotic pressure leading to increased bowel movements with consequent loss of vital fluids & electrolytes. This will eventually lead to severe electrolyte imbalances if left untreated leading potentially fatal shock due to low blood volume & acidosis caused by lactic acid accumulation