Trait (Biological/Psychological) Perspective
The trait theory of criminology is a biological and psychological perspective that focuses on the individual characteristics of the offender. This theory suggests that criminal behavior is caused by certain internal personality characteristics, such as low intelligence or a lack of self-control, rather than external factors such as poverty or social environment. The underlying assumption of this perspective is that offenders are born with a set of traits which predispose them to commit crime. These traits can be inherited (biological), acquired through experience (psychological), or a combination of both. Proponents of this view believe that individuals who possess these traits are more likely to engage in criminal behavior than those who do not have them.

Proponents also suggest that there are certain risk factors associated with offending behavior such as gender, age, mental health issues, substance abuse and family history which should be taken into consideration when predicting criminality. It has been suggested that interventions which target these specific traits may reduce crime rates amongst at-risk individuals by helping them develop skills and strategies for managing their impulses and making better decisions about their lives.