In detail, describe the process of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis as catalysed by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, requisite enzyme post-translational modification via 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase, and outline selected examples of non-ribosomal peptide uses. Use diagrams where necessary.The process of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis as catalyzed by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases

The method of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis as catalyzed by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases

Non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS) is a kind of post-translational modification catalyzed by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) enzymes. The NRPSs are liable for the condensation of the monomeric amino acids within the peptide chain and are composed of modules that include adenylation, thiolation, and condensation domains (Kuhn et al., 2019). The 4′-phosphopantetheine transferase (PPT) is an enzyme concerned within the post-translational modification of the NRPSs. This enzyme transfers a 4′-phosphopantetheine group to the acyl service protein (ACP) area within the NRPSs, which is crucial for binding of the monomers to the enzyme (Kuhn et al., 2019). Non-ribosomal peptides are utilized in a variety of purposes, starting from antibiotics to bioactive peptides for therapeutic use. For instance, the peptide cyclosporin A. Cont…